[First case described of isolated, complete and fluctuating cranial nerve III palsy heralding multiple myeloma]

Rev Neurol. 2015 Feb 1;60(3):115-9.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple myeloma is the most common plasma-cell malignancy. To be incurable, treatment aims to obtain the longest non-clinical survival time. Cranial nerve palsy in multiple myeloma is extremely rare and is usually due to an intracranial plasmacytoma. We present a multiple myeloma case, with an intracranial plasmacytoma, which debuted clinically with isolated, complete and fluctuating cranial nerve III palsy.

Case report: A 63-year-old woman presented an oscillating clinical picture, consisting of horizontal binocular diplopia and later, headache. The neuro-ophthalmologic examination revealed a complete cranial nerve III palsy of the right eye. An urgent cranial CT-scan was requested. It showed multiple diploic osteolytic lesions, associating soft-parts component in the right superior orbital fissure. The patient was admitted, being diagnosed subsequently of IgA-kappa multiple myeloma. After receiving induction-chemotherapy and undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation, she achieved full remission.

Conclusions: Multiple myeloma is a rare cranial nerves disorder, very uncommon cause of cranial nerve III full isolated paralysis and even less fluctuating, not having found any case published with this clinical onset. Awareness of possible multiple myeloma neuro-ophthalmic manifestations may bring about an early diagnosis and a positive impact on the disease course.

Title: Primer caso descrito de paralisis aislada, completa y fluctuante del III nervio craneal como forma de inicio de un mieloma multiple.

Introduccion. El mieloma multiple es la neoplasia de celulas plasmaticas mas frecuente. Al ser incurable, el tratamiento persigue obtener el mayor tiempo de supervivencia libre de clinica. Constituye una causa extremadamente rara de afectacion de los nervios craneales y es producido habitualmente por un plasmocitoma intracraneal. Presentamos un caso de mieloma multiple, que asociaba un plasmocitoma intracraneal y que comenzo clinicamente con paralisis aislada, completa y fluctuante del III nervio craneal. Caso clinico. Mujer de 63 años que acudio a urgencias por presentar un cuadro clinico oscilante, consistente en diplopia binocular horizontal y, posteriormente, cefalea. La exploracion neurooftalmologica revelo una paralisis completa del III nervio craneal derecho. Se solicito una tomografia axial computarizada craneal urgente, que revelo multiples lesiones osteoliticas diploicas, asociando una de ellas componente de partes blandas en la hendidura esfenoidal derecha. La paciente fue ingresada, y se le diagnostico posteriormente un mieloma multiple IgA-kappa. Tras recibir induccion quimioterapica y ser sometida a un trasplante autologo de progenitores hematopoyeticos, alcanzo la remision completa. Conclusiones. El mieloma multiple es un trastorno raro de los nervios craneales, una causa muy infrecuente de paralisis aislada y completa del III nervio craneal y menos aun fluctuante, y no se ha encontrado ningun caso publicado con este inicio clinico. Tener en cuenta las posibles manifestaciones neurooftalmologicas del mieloma multiple puede contribuir a un diagnostico precoz y a una incidencia positiva sobre el curso de esta enfermedad.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Diplopia / etiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Middle Aged
  • Multiple Myeloma / complications
  • Multiple Myeloma / diagnosis*
  • Neuroimaging
  • Oculomotor Nerve Diseases / etiology*
  • Osteolysis / diagnostic imaging
  • Osteolysis / etiology
  • Skull / diagnostic imaging
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed