Evaluation and management of hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapy agents

Postgrad Med J. 2015 Mar;91(1073):145-50. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-132686. Epub 2015 Feb 6.

Abstract

Hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapy drugs pose significant difficulties in management, especially when no suitable alternative is available or acceptable and delay in continuation of treatment may be life-threatening. Such reactions may be IgE- or non-IgE-mediated and have varied manifestations. Timely recognition and treatment of life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions are essential. Identification of patients at high risk of developing hypersensitivity reactions allows risk stratification to guide clinical decision-making. Skin testing for carboplatin hypersensitivity has good predictive value but is not yet established for oxaliplatin and taxane hypersensitivity. Rapid desensitisation may be considered if no suitable alternative drug is available. Available protocols have shown good safety and efficacy but must be performed in an appropriate setting with adequate monitoring. There are many avenues for research into the utility of skin testing for other chemotherapy agents as well as in vitro tests.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / immunology
  • Bridged-Ring Compounds / adverse effects
  • Bridged-Ring Compounds / immunology*
  • Cisplatin / adverse effects
  • Cisplatin / immunology*
  • Desensitization, Immunologic
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
  • Drug Hypersensitivity / diagnosis*
  • Drug Hypersensitivity / immunology
  • Humans
  • Referral and Consultation
  • Risk Factors
  • Skin Tests
  • Taxoids / adverse effects
  • Taxoids / immunology*
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Bridged-Ring Compounds
  • Taxoids
  • taxane
  • Cisplatin