1 Institute of Biomedical Ethics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
2 Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
3 ProMED (Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases), International Society for Infectious Diseases and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
4 Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.