Comparison of Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Intellectual Disability (ID), and Co-occurring ASD and ID

J Autism Dev Disord. 2015 Aug;45(8):2361-72. doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2402-0.

Abstract

While studies report associations between perinatal outcomes and both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID), there has been little study of ASD with versus without co-occurring ID. We compared perinatal risk factors among 7547 children in the 2006-2010 Autism and Developmental Disability Monitoring Network classified as having ASD + ID, ASD only, and ID only. Children in all three groups had higher rates of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age, and low Apgar score than expected based on the US birth cohort adjusted for key socio-demographic factors. Associations with most factors, especially PTB, were stronger for children with ID only than children with ASD + ID or ASD only. Associations were similar for children with ASD + ID and ASD only.

MeSH terms

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder / diagnosis
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder / etiology*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Comorbidity
  • Female
  • Gestational Age
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Low Birth Weight*
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Intellectual Disability / complications
  • Intellectual Disability / diagnosis
  • Intellectual Disability / etiology*
  • Male
  • Obstetric Labor Complications / diagnosis*
  • Population Surveillance
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Complications / diagnosis*
  • Premature Birth*
  • Risk Factors
  • United States