Assay Development and Validation of an 8-SNP Multiplex Test to Predict Eye and Skin Coloration

J Forensic Sci. 2015 Jul;60(4):990-1000. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12758. Epub 2015 Mar 17.

Abstract

Identifying human remains is one of the many responsibilities of forensic scientists. An eye- and skin-color predictor translates genotypic information into phenotypic description. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are utilized for this predictor, five for eye, and six for skin coloration. Here, we describe the development and validation of an 8-SNP multiplex assay that consists of a multiplex PCR, followed by a multiplexed single-base primer extension reaction generating fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides of distinct length that are detected by multicolor capillary electrophoresis. Validation of this assay included tests for reproducibility, reliability, sensitivity, species specificity, its performance on degraded DNA, and on forensic samples. It can be concluded that the 8-SNP multiplex assay is robust and can be used on challenging samples, including bones, to reliably determine the genotypes to predict eye and skin color of individuals. This information can assist in the identification of human remains and missing persons.

Keywords: eye and skin color; forensic science; identification of human remains; multiplex assay; single nucleotide polymorphisms; validation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • DNA Degradation, Necrotic
  • Electrophoresis, Capillary
  • Eye Color / genetics*
  • Fluorescence
  • Forensic Genetics
  • Humans
  • Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction*
  • Oligonucleotides / chemistry
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Skin Pigmentation / genetics*
  • Species Specificity

Substances

  • Oligonucleotides