Tetranuclear ruthenium(II) complexes with oligo-oxyethylene linkers as one- and two-photon luminescent tracking non-viral gene vectors

Dalton Trans. 2015 Apr 21;44(15):7058-65. doi: 10.1039/c5dt00117j.

Abstract

To prolong the observation time, increase the penetration depth and decrease self-absorption and phototoxicity, two-photon luminescent vectors have emerged as promising tools for tracking gene delivery in living cells. Herein, we report four new tetranuclear Ru(ii) complexes based on oligo-oxyethylene and polybenzimidazole as one- and two- photon luminescent tracking non-viral gene vectors. In such a molecular design, the oligo-oxyethylene, polybenzimidazole and Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes were expected to render the vectors with increased cell permeability, biocompatibility, proton buffering capacity and one- and two-photon luminescence. Corresponding DNA interaction studies showed that the ability of the complexes to condense DNA decreased with increasing oligo-oxyethylene lengths. Additionally, all complexes protected DNA. The complexes were investigated as one- and two-photon tracking non-viral gene vectors in living cells and showed proper cellular uptake, good luciferase expression and low cytotoxicity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Benzimidazoles / chemistry
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Coordination Complexes / chemistry*
  • Coordination Complexes / pharmacology
  • DNA / chemistry
  • DNA / metabolism
  • DNA / ultrastructure
  • Genetic Vectors*
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / genetics
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / metabolism
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Luminescence
  • Microscopy, Confocal
  • Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  • Photons
  • Plasmids
  • Polyethylene Glycols / chemistry
  • Polymers / chemistry
  • Ruthenium / chemistry*
  • Ruthenium / pharmacology

Substances

  • Benzimidazoles
  • Coordination Complexes
  • Polymers
  • enhanced green fluorescent protein
  • poly(benzimidazole)
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins
  • Polyethylene Glycols
  • Ruthenium
  • DNA