Epigenetic modifications and long noncoding RNAs influence pancreas development and function

Trends Genet. 2015 Jun;31(6):290-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2015.02.008. Epub 2015 Mar 23.

Abstract

Insulin-producing β cells within the pancreatic islet of Langerhans are responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis; the loss or malfunction of β cells results in diabetes mellitus. Recent advances in cell purification strategies and sequencing technologies as well as novel molecular tools have revealed that epigenetic modifications and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent an integral part of the transcriptional mechanisms regulating pancreas development and β cell function. Importantly, these findings have uncovered a new layer of gene regulation in the pancreas that can be exploited to enhance the restoration and/or repair of β cells to treat diabetes.

Keywords: epigenetic; islet; long noncoding RNAs; pancreas; β cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Differentiation / genetics
  • Endoderm / cytology
  • Endoderm / embryology
  • Endoderm / metabolism
  • Epigenesis, Genetic*
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental*
  • Humans
  • Insulin-Secreting Cells / metabolism
  • Islets of Langerhans / cytology
  • Islets of Langerhans / embryology
  • Islets of Langerhans / metabolism*
  • Models, Genetic
  • RNA, Long Noncoding / genetics*

Substances

  • RNA, Long Noncoding