Nefopam Hydrochloride: A Fatal Overdose

J Anal Toxicol. 2015 Jul-Aug;39(6):486-9. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv036. Epub 2015 Apr 7.

Abstract

Nefopam is a non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. A case of a 37-year-old male who was found dead in the morning is presented. An autopsy was performed and femoral venous blood, heart blood, urine, and vitreous humor were submitted for toxicological analysis. A general drug screen detected the presence of nefopam, caffeine, nicotine, citalopram, gabapentin, amitriptyline, diazepam and paracetamol in cardiac blood. Nefopam was quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. Nefopam was found at the following concentrations: 13.6 mg/L in unpreserved femoral blood; 14.7 mg/L in preserved (fluoride-oxalate) femoral blood; 21.2 mg/L in unpreserved cardiac blood and 4.5 mg/L in preserved vitreous. Citalopram was present at a concentration of 0.7 mg/L (femoral blood) and 0.9 mg/L (cardiac blood). Ethanol analyzed by headspace gas chromatography (GC-FID) was detected in preserved (fluoride-oxalate) vitreous (14 mg/100 mL) and preserved (fluoride-oxalate) urine 50 mg/100 mL. Death was attributed to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and therapeutic drug toxicity.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / blood*
  • Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / urine*
  • Autopsy
  • Carotid Artery Diseases / drug therapy
  • Carotid Artery Diseases / mortality*
  • Cause of Death
  • Chromatography, Gas
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Drug Overdose / blood
  • Drug Overdose / mortality*
  • Drug Overdose / urine
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Nefopam / blood*
  • Nefopam / urine*
  • Suicide

Substances

  • Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
  • Nefopam