Prediction of future falls in a community dwelling older adult population using instrumented balance and gait analysis

Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2016 Apr;49(3):232-6. doi: 10.1007/s00391-015-0885-0. Epub 2015 Apr 11.

Abstract

Background: The role of instrumented balance and gait assessment when screening for prospective fallers is currently a topic of controversial discussion.

Objectives: This study analyzed the association between variables derived from static posturography, instrumented gait analysis and clinical assessments with the occurrence of prospective falls in a sample of community dwelling older people.

Methods: In this study 84 older people were analyzed. Based on a prospective occurrence of falls, participants were categorized into fallers and non-fallers. Variables derived from clinical assessments, static posturography and instrumented gait analysis were evaluated with respect to the association with the occurrence of prospective falls using a forward stepwise, binary, logistic regression procedure.

Results: Fallers displayed a significantly shorter single support time during walking while counting backwards, increased mediolateral to anteroposterior sway amplitude ratio, increased fast mediolateral oscillations and a larger coefficient (Coeff) of sway direction during various static posturography tests. Previous falls were insignificantly associated with the occurrence of prospective falls.

Conclusion: Variables derived from posturography and instrumented gait analysis showed significant associations with the occurrence of prospective falls in a sample of community dwelling older adults.

Keywords: Accidental falls; Gait; Geriatric assessment; Postural balance; Prognosis.

MeSH terms

  • Accidental Falls / prevention & control*
  • Accidental Falls / statistics & numerical data*
  • Actigraphy / instrumentation
  • Actigraphy / methods
  • Actigraphy / statistics & numerical data
  • Aged
  • Female
  • Forecasting / methods
  • Gait
  • Geriatric Assessment / statistics & numerical data*
  • Humans
  • Independent Living / statistics & numerical data*
  • Male
  • Postural Balance
  • Prognosis
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Risk Assessment / methods
  • Sensitivity and Specificity