Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of cytotoxic effects by sasanquasaponin (SQS) in HepG2 cells. Following SQS treatment, time- and dose-dependent increases in the apoptotic rate were observed. The induction of cell death by SQS mainly occurs via programmed cell death, as indicated by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining, where up to 30% apoptotic cells were detected following 12 h SQS treatment. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that SQS treatment upregulated B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated x protein and caspase-3 mRNA expression and downregulated Bcl-2 mRNA expression. Greater alterations in Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression were observed with increasing treatment duration. The decrease in Bcl-2, increase in Bax and, finally, the activation of caspase-3 in HepG2 cells indicated that the apoptotic process induced by SQS was irreversible. The results of the present study therefore suggested that SQS induced HepG2 cell apoptosis via the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / isolation & purification
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Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / pharmacology*
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Apoptosis / drug effects*
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Camellia / chemistry
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / drug therapy*
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / genetics
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / metabolism
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Caspase 3 / genetics
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Caspase 3 / metabolism
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Cell Cycle / drug effects
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Enzyme Activation / drug effects
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects
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Hep G2 Cells
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Humans
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Liver Neoplasms / drug therapy*
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Liver Neoplasms / genetics
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Liver Neoplasms / metabolism
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / genetics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism*
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RNA, Messenger / genetics
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Saponins / isolation & purification
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Saponins / pharmacology*
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bcl-2-Associated X Protein / genetics
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bcl-2-Associated X Protein / metabolism
Substances
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22-O-angeloylcamelliagenin C-3-O-(glucopyranosyl-1-2)(glucopyranosyl-1-2-O-arabinopyranosyl-1-3-)glucopyranosiduronic acid
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Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
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RNA, Messenger
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Saponins
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bcl-2-Associated X Protein
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Caspase 3