Catastrophic subarachnoid hemorrhage in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis without asthma

Int J Rheum Dis. 2017 Dec;20(12):2127-2131. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.12594. Epub 2015 May 11.

Abstract

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is characterized by eosinophilic vasculitis. Patients rarely present without asthma. Cases developing subarachnoid hemorrhage from central nervous system vasculitis are rarely reported. We report a 48-year-old woman with rapidly evolving and progressive multi-system eosinophilic vasculitis in the absence of asthma. Tissue eosinophilia was apparent in a breast lump biopsy. Prior otitis media and prominent lymphoid tissue in the postnasal spaces hinted at otolaryngological disease. She had rapid disease progression with mononeuritis multiplex and eventually succumbed to complications of intracranial hemorrhage secondary to central nervous system vasculitis. This case demonstrates the diagnostic dilemma and treatment considerations in EGPA without asthma. It also raises the question if a reliable biomarker can aid diagnosis in atypical presentations of disease.

Keywords: breast mass; eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis; subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Biopsy
  • Cerebral Angiography
  • Churg-Strauss Syndrome / complications*
  • Churg-Strauss Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Churg-Strauss Syndrome / drug therapy
  • Disease Progression
  • Fatal Outcome
  • Female
  • Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / complications*
  • Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / diagnosis
  • Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / drug therapy
  • Humans
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Middle Aged
  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / diagnostic imaging
  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / etiology*
  • Time Factors
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Substances

  • Immunosuppressive Agents