The effects of dietary oxidized konjac glucomannan and its acidolysis products on the immune response, expression of immune related genes and disease resistance of Schizothorax prenanti

Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2015 Aug;45(2):551-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.016. Epub 2015 May 16.

Abstract

In the present study, KGM was degraded by H2O2 and HCl to obtain two products with different molecular weights: oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM, 4.7 × 10(5) Da) and low-molecular-weight oxidized konjac glucomannan (L-OKGM, 9.2 × 10(3) Da). The effects of the two OKGM products on IL-1β, TNF-α, and TLR22 gene expression, and immune parameters and the resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of Schizothorax prenanti were determined. The results showed that the lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced by the L-OKGM diets. The SOD activity was significantly increased by both OKGM and L-OKGM diets. The MDA level of fish fed the OKGM and L-OKGM diets was significantly lower than the control group. IL-1β mRNA level in the spleen significantly increased in all L-OKGM fed groups. The 8.0 g kg(-1) L-OKGM diet also significantly up-regulated IL-1β gene expression in the head kidney. In the gut, IL-1β mRNA levels were significantly higher in fish fed with the 8.0 g kg(-1) OKGM and 16.0 g kg(-1) L-OKGM diets. The TNF-α mRNA level of L-OKGM group significantly increased in the spleen, head kidney and gut. High dosing of OKGM significantly up-regulated TNF-α transcription in the head kidney, while only the 8.0 g kg(-1) OKGM group showed significantly higher TNF-α mRNA expression in the mesonephros. Fish fed the L-OKGM diets showed significantly higher expression of TLR22 in the spleen, head kidney and mesonephros. After the injection of A. hydrophila, the 8.0 g kg(-1) L-OKGM group showed a significantly higher survival rate than did the control group. Present study suggests that OKGM and L-OKGM can up-regulate immune-related gene expression and enhance disease resistance in S. prenanti, and L-OKGM exhibits higher immunomodulatory activity.

Keywords: Immunity; Interleukin-1β; Molecular weight; Oxidized konjac glucomannan; Toll-like receptor 22; Tumor necrosis factor-α.

MeSH terms

  • Aeromonas hydrophila
  • Animals
  • Cyprinidae* / blood
  • Cyprinidae* / genetics
  • Cyprinidae* / immunology
  • Dietary Supplements*
  • Disease Resistance / drug effects
  • Fish Diseases / immunology
  • Gene Expression
  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / immunology
  • Head Kidney / metabolism
  • Interleukin-1beta / genetics
  • Intestinal Mucosa / metabolism
  • Malondialdehyde / blood
  • Mannans / chemistry
  • Mannans / pharmacology*
  • Muramidase / blood
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • Spleen / metabolism
  • Superoxide Dismutase / metabolism
  • Toll-Like Receptors / genetics
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics

Substances

  • Interleukin-1beta
  • Mannans
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Toll-Like Receptors
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • (1-6)-alpha-glucomannan
  • Malondialdehyde
  • Superoxide Dismutase
  • Muramidase