3D-printed silicate porous bioceramics using a non-sacrificial preceramic polymer binder

Biofabrication. 2015 May 22;7(2):025008. doi: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/2/025008.

Abstract

Silicate bioceramics possess an excellent bioactivity; however, shaping them into complex geometries is still challenging. Therefore, this paper aims to present a new strategy for the shaping of a bioglass-ceramic with controlled geometry and properties starting from a glass powder combined with a preceramic polymer, i.e. a silicon resin, and reactive fillers. The powder-based three-dimensional (3D)-printing of wollastonite (CaSiO3)-based silicate bioceramic parts was demonstrated in this work. The resin plays a dual role, as it not only acts as a non-sacrificial binder for the filler powders in the printing process but it also reacts with the fillers to generate the desired bioceramic phases. The mechanical and physical properties, i.e. ball-on-three-balls test, density, porosity and morphology, were evaluated in 3D-printed discs. These samples possessed a total porosity around 64 vol% and a biaxial flexural strength around 6 MPa. The raw materials used in this work also enabled the 3D-printing of scaffolds possessing a designed multi-scale porosity, suitable bioceramic phase assemblage and a compressive strength of 1 MPa (for cylindrical scaffolds with total porosity ~80 vol%). Solubility in TRIS/HCl and in vitro assays, i.e. viability, cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays, were also performed. In vitro tests indicated good cell viability and no cytotoxicity effect on the cells.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Calcium Compounds / chemistry*
  • Calcium Compounds / toxicity
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Ceramics / chemistry*
  • Ceramics / toxicity
  • Compressive Strength
  • Mice
  • Polymers / chemistry*
  • Porosity
  • Printing, Three-Dimensional
  • Silicates / chemistry*
  • Silicates / toxicity
  • X-Ray Diffraction

Substances

  • Calcium Compounds
  • Polymers
  • Silicates
  • calcium silicate