Conducting polymers with bipolar membranes (a complementary stack of selective membranes) may be used to rectify current. Integrating a bipolar membrane into a polymer electrochromic display obviates the need for an addressing backplane while increasing the device's bistability. Such devices can be made from solution-processable materials.
Keywords: bipolar membranes; electronic paper; ionic diodes; poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS); printed displays.
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