[Etiology, clinical presentation and outcome of severe viral acute childhood encephalitis (ECOVE study)]

Rev Neurol. 2015 Jul 1;61(1):7-13.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Viral encephalitis are rare and potentially serious conditions with different etiologist, and not always identifiable. Our aim is to describe the etiological, clinical presentation and neurological outcome of viral encephalitis admitted in Paediatrics Intensive Care Units (PICUs) in Spain.

Patients and methods: Observational prospective multicenter study. Children with viral encephalitis admitted to 14 PICUs, for a period of 3 years (2010-2013) were included. Polymerase chain reaction for the etiological diagnosis and neurotropic virus serology in blood and cerebrospinal fluid were used. Personal history, clinical presentation, evolution and neurological status at discharge were recorded.

Results: 80 patients were included with a mean age of 5 years, 70% male. The most relevant clinical symptoms were decreased consciousness (86%), fever (82.4%), seizures (67%), vomiting (42%), headache (27%), agitation (25%) and dis-orientation (23%). The etiologic diagnosis was established in 35%, being more frequent herpes simplex virus and enterovirus. The outcome was discharge without sequelae in 55 patients (69%), mild to moderate sequelae in 19 (23.5%) and severe in 6 (7.5%). Two patients died.

Conclusions: In the Spanish PICU etiological diagnosis was established only in a third of cases of children with suspected acute viral encephalitis. Despite the clinical severity we observed a low mortality and morbidity rate. At discharge from the PICU, most children had no neurological sequelae or were mild.

Title: Etiologia, presentacion clinica y evolucion neurologica de las encefalitis viricas graves en la edad pediatrica (estudio ECOVE).

Introduccion. Las encefalitis viricas son procesos raros y potencialmente graves, con etiologia diversa y no siempre identificable. El objetivo es describir las caracteristicas etiologicas, la presentacion clinica y la evolucion neurologica de las encefalitis viricas que ingresaron en las unidades de cuidados intensivos pediatricos (UCIP) en España. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio prospectivo multicentrico observacional. Se incluyeron los niños ingresados en 14 UCIP con diagnostico de encefalitis virica durante un periodo de tres años (2010-2013). Para el diagnostico etiologico se utilizo reaccion en cadena de la polimerasa y serologia a virus neurotropos en la sangre y el liquido cefalorraquideo. Se registraron los antecedentes personales, la presentacion clinica, la evolucion y la situacion neurologica en el momento del alta. Resultados. Se incluyeron 80 pacientes con edad media de 5 años; el 70%, varones. Los sintomas clinicos mas relevantes fueron disminucion de conciencia (86%), fiebre (82,4%), convulsiones (67%), vomitos (42%), cefalea (27%), agitacion (25%) y desorientacion (23%). Se llego al diagnostico etiologico en un 35%, y los mas frecuentes fueron virus herpes simple y enterovirus. La evolucion fue curacion sin secuelas en 55 pacientes (69%, sobre todo enterovirus, rotavirus y virus respiratorios), secuelas leves-moderadas en 19 (23,5%) y graves en seis (7,5%). Dos pacientes fallecieron. Conclusiones. En las UCIP españolas solo se realizo el diagnostico etiologico en un tercio de los niños con sospecha de encefalitis virica grave. A pesar de la gravedad clinica, hemos observado una tasa de mortalidad y morbilidad baja. La amplia mayoria son dados de alta de la UCIP con ninguna o escasa secuela neurologica.

Publication types

  • English Abstract
  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Acyclovir / therapeutic use
  • Adolescent
  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • Brain Damage, Chronic / etiology
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Clarithromycin / therapeutic use
  • Consciousness Disorders / etiology
  • Encephalitis, Viral* / complications
  • Encephalitis, Viral* / diagnosis
  • Encephalitis, Viral* / epidemiology
  • Encephalitis, Viral* / therapy
  • Encephalitis, Viral* / virology
  • Female
  • Fever / etiology
  • Headache / etiology
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Prospective Studies
  • Seasons
  • Seizures / etiology
  • Serologic Tests
  • Spain / epidemiology
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Vomiting / etiology

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Clarithromycin
  • Acyclovir