As a widespread phenomenon in living system, molecular self-assembly has become the meeting point of multidisciplinary research including chemistry, biology, materials science and medicine. In recent years, the rapid development in molecular self-assembly of peptide technology is showing a great potential in the application of tissue engineering, drug delivery, bionic medicine, cosmetology field, optical and electronic product development, etc. Especially, the remarkable hemostatic effect of self-assembling peptides (SAP) on organs, nerves and brain wounds successfully promoted its application to the material science and clinical medicine. This review focuses on the hemostatic effects and characteristics of SAP on different bleeding wound models, action mechanism, its benefits and limitations as well as its adrancing trends.