Abstract
The majority of patients with neuroblastoma have tumors that initially respond to chemotherapy, but a large proportion will experience therapy-resistant relapses. The molecular basis of this aggressive phenotype is unknown. Whole-genome sequencing of 23 paired diagnostic and relapse neuroblastomas showed clonal evolution from the diagnostic tumor, with a median of 29 somatic mutations unique to the relapse sample. Eighteen of the 23 relapse tumors (78%) showed mutations predicted to activate the RAS-MAPK pathway. Seven of these events were detected only in the relapse tumor, whereas the others showed clonal enrichment. In neuroblastoma cell lines, we also detected a high frequency of activating mutations in the RAS-MAPK pathway (11/18; 61%), and these lesions predicted sensitivity to MEK inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide a rationale for genetic characterization of relapse neuroblastomas and show that RAS-MAPK pathway mutations may function as a biomarker for new therapeutic approaches to refractory disease.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
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Animals
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Benzimidazoles / pharmacology
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Blotting, Western
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Child
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Child, Preschool
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Chromosome Aberrations
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / genetics
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / metabolism
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
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HEK293 Cells
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Humans
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Infant
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MAP Kinase Signaling System / genetics*
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Male
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Mice, SCID
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / genetics*
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Mutation*
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / genetics*
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Neuroblastoma / drug therapy
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Neuroblastoma / genetics*
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Neuroblastoma / pathology
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Phosphorylation / drug effects
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Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / genetics
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Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / metabolism
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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ras Proteins / genetics*
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ras Proteins / metabolism
Substances
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Benzimidazoles
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
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binimetinib
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Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
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Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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ras Proteins