Up to the present, several genes have been identified as drivers for lung carcinogenesis, and their aberrations have been shown to be linked with differential response to therapy. Optimized treatments are, therefore, important in the situation that we have options for treatments by driver gene aberrations. Recently, comprehensive analyses of DNA and RNA from lung tumor tissues have been actively performed and have been pushing the lung cancer medicine forwards. In addition, circulating cell-free tumor DNA in plasma as a "liquid biopsy" opens a great hope for noninvasive molecular diagnosis. This article will highlight findings of recent comprehensive genome analysis to improve precision lung cancer medicine.