Within the framework of the multifactor programme of ischemic heart disease (IHD) prevention, among the male population aged 40 to 59 years, the total mortality rate is shown to increase with elevation of blood pressure caused not only by cardiovascular disease but by other disease as well. The incidence of myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke is also shown to increase. Active complex therapeutic and preventive measures among the persons with arterial hypertension (AH) detected during a mass examination, have led to reduction of the prognostic value of AH for the total mortality rate and that in cardiovascular disease, in IHD in particular. Persons under 50 years with concurrent AH and IHD were found to have more pronounced changes.