A taxonomic revision of the Old-World representatives of the fern genus Orthiopteris is presented. We recognize eight species, one of which is newly described (Orthiopterissamoensis), and five varieties, of which two are newly described (Orthiopteriscampyluravar.insularis and Orthiopteriscampyluravar.laxa). Orthiopterisacuminata, Orthiopteriscaudata, Orthiopterisminor and Orthiopteriskingii are all reduced to varieties of Orthiopteriscampylura.
Keywords: Madagascar; Malesia; Melanesia; Orthiopteris; Polynesia; Saccolomataceae; new species; new varieties; taxonomy.