The Effects of Chronic Nitrate Supplementation and the Use of Strong and Weak Antibacterial Agents on Plasma Nitrite Concentration and Exercise Blood Pressure

Int J Sports Med. 2015 Dec;36(14):1177-85. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1554700. Epub 2015 Sep 2.

Abstract

Chlorhexidine-containing mouthwash (STRONG), which disturbs oral microflora, has been shown to diminish the rise in plasma nitrite concentration ([NO2-]) and attenuate the reduction in resting blood pressure (BP) typically seen after acute nitrate (NO3-) ingestion. We aimed to determine whether STRONG and weaker antiseptic agents attenuate the physiological effects of chronic NO3- supplementation using beetroot juice (BR). 12 healthy volunteers mouth-rinsed with STRONG, non-chlorhexidine mouthwash (WEAK) and deionised water (CON) 3 times a day, and ingested 70 mL BR (6.2 mmol NO3-), twice a day, for 6 days. BP (at rest and during 10 min of treadmill walking) and plasma and salivary [NO3-] and [NO2-] were measured prior to and on day 6 of supplementation. The change in salivary [NO3-] 4 h post final ingestion was higher (P<0.05) in STRONG (8.7±3.0 mM) compared to CON (6.3±0.9 mM) and WEAK (6.0±3.0 mM). In addition, the rise in plasma [NO2-] at 2 h was lower in STRONG compared with WEAK (by 89±112 nM) and CON (by 200±174 nM) and in WEAK compared with CON (all P<0.05). Changes in resting BP were not different between conditions (P>0.05). However, during treadmill walking, the increase in systolic and mean arterial BP was higher 4 h after the final nitrate bolus in STRONG compared with CON (P<0.05) but not WEAK. The results indicate that both strong and weak antibacterial agents suppress the rise in plasma [NO2-] observed following the consumption of a high NO3- diet and the former can influence the BP response during low-intensity exercise.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology*
  • Beta vulgaris
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects*
  • Chlorhexidine / administration & dosage
  • Chlorhexidine / pharmacology*
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Dietary Supplements*
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Exercise / physiology*
  • Female
  • Fruit and Vegetable Juices
  • Heart Rate / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mouthwashes
  • Nitrates / analysis
  • Nitrates / blood
  • Nitrates / pharmacology*
  • Nitrites / analysis
  • Nitrites / blood*
  • Pulse Wave Analysis
  • Saliva / chemistry
  • Vascular Stiffness / drug effects
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Mouthwashes
  • Nitrates
  • Nitrites
  • Chlorhexidine