A splicing variant of Merlin promotes metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Nat Commun. 2015 Oct 7:6:8457. doi: 10.1038/ncomms9457.

Abstract

Merlin, which is encoded by the tumour suppressor gene Nf2, plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, little is known about the functional importance of Merlin splicing forms. In this study, we show that Merlin is present at low levels in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in metastatic tumours, where it is associated with a poor prognosis. Surprisingly, a splicing variant of Merlin that lacks exons 2, 3 and 4 ((Δ2-4)Merlin) is amplified in HCC and portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT) specimens and in the CSQT2 cell line derived from PVTT. Our studies show that (Δ2-4)Merlin interferes with the capacity of wild-type Merlin to bind β-catenin and ERM, and it is expressed in the cytoplasm rather than at the cell surface. Furthermore, (Δ2-4)Merlin overexpression increases the expression levels of β-catenin and stemness-related genes, induces the epithelium-mesenchymal-transition phenotype promoting cell migration in vitro and the formation of lung metastasis in vivo. Our results indicate that the (Δ2-4)Merlin variant disrupts the normal function of Merlin and promotes tumour metastasis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alternative Splicing*
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / genetics*
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / metabolism
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / secondary
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cytoplasm / metabolism
  • Cytoskeletal Proteins / metabolism
  • Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / genetics
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Liver Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Liver Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Liver Neoplasms / pathology
  • Lung Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Lung Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Lung Neoplasms / secondary
  • Male
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism
  • Microfilament Proteins / metabolism
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Neurofibromin 2 / genetics*
  • Neurofibromin 2 / metabolism
  • Portal Vein / pathology
  • Thrombosis / pathology
  • beta Catenin / metabolism

Substances

  • CTNNB1 protein, human
  • Cytoskeletal Proteins
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Microfilament Proteins
  • Neurofibromin 2
  • beta Catenin
  • ezrin
  • moesin
  • radixin