Intravitreal Lower-Dose (20 µg) Melphalan for Persistent or Recurrent Retinoblastoma Vitreous Seeds

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2015 Oct;46(9):942-8. doi: 10.3928/23258160-20151008-07.

Abstract

Background and objective: The major cause of failure in the management of retinoblastoma is the persistence/recurrence of vitreous seeds (VS). This study reports the efficacy and complications of standard lower-dose (20 µg) intravitreal melphalan for VS.

Patients and methods: Retrospective review of all patients with active VS treated with lower-dose intravitreal melphalan (20 µg/0.1 mL) on a monthly basis until complete VS regression was achieved.

Results: A total of 14 injections were delivered to seven eyes of seven patients (range: 1-4; median: 2). At a median follow-up of 20 months (range: 12-32 months), complete regression of VS was achieved in all cases (100%), and globe salvage was achieved in six cases (86%). One eye required enucleation for solid tumor recurrence. Side effects of retinal pigment epithelium mottling at the site of injection was noted in two eyes (29%).

Conclusion: The 2-year results of this study suggest that standard lower-dose (20 µg) intravitreal melphalan is safe and highly effective for the management of viable VS from retinoblastoma.

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / administration & dosage*
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Intravitreal Injections
  • Male
  • Melphalan / administration & dosage*
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / drug therapy*
  • Neoplasm Seeding*
  • Retinal Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Retinal Neoplasms / pathology
  • Retinoblastoma / drug therapy*
  • Retinoblastoma / secondary
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Vitreous Body / drug effects*
  • Vitreous Body / pathology

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating
  • Melphalan