Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection with Mycobacterium abscessus: A Rare Cause of Ventriculitis

World Neurosurg. 2016 Feb:86:510.e1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.10.068. Epub 2015 Nov 10.

Abstract

Background: Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing atypical mycobacterium implicated in chronic lung disease, otitis media, surgical site infections, and disseminated cutaneous diseases. It is typically seen in patients with some degree of immunosuppression. Only 1 previous case has been reported in the setting of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection. We report a case of M abscessus as the causative organism in a VP shunt infection in an immunocompetent adult.

Case description: A 67-year-old woman required VP shunt placement after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated by hydrocephalus. Her course was complicated by repeat hospitalization for 2 shunt infections, the second of which did not respond to standard antibiotic therapy. Cultures repeatedly grew M abscessus. The patient continued to decline and eventually died after transfer to the palliative care service.

Conclusions: Nontuberculous mycobacteria are rare, atypical organisms in the setting of VP shunt infection. Patients with ventriculitis secondary to atypical mycobacteria may exhibit drug-resistant cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in the face of standard antibiotic regimens.

Keywords: Hydrocephalus; Nontuberculous mycobacteria; Subarachnoid hemorrhage; Ventriculitis; Ventriculostomy.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Catheter-Related Infections / diagnosis
  • Catheter-Related Infections / microbiology*
  • Catheter-Related Infections / therapy
  • Cerebral Ventriculitis / diagnosis
  • Cerebral Ventriculitis / microbiology*
  • Cerebral Ventriculitis / therapy
  • Fatal Outcome
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydrocephalus / surgery
  • Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / diagnosis*
  • Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / etiology
  • Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / therapy
  • Nontuberculous Mycobacteria*
  • Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / adverse effects*