Effects of UV-B and heavy metals on nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in three cyanobacteria

J Basic Microbiol. 2016 Jan;56(1):2-13. doi: 10.1002/jobm.201500504. Epub 2015 Nov 17.

Abstract

Cyanobacteria sp. (diazotrophic and planktonic) hold a major position in ecosystem, former one due to their intrinsic capability of N2-fixation and later because of mineralization of organic matter. Unfortunately, their exposure to variety of abiotic stresses is unavoidable. Comparative analysis of interactive effect of UV-B and heavy metals (Cd/Zn) on nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism of three cyanobacteria (Anabaena, Microcystis, Nostoc) revealed additive inhibition (χ(2) significant p < 0.05) of NH4(+) and PO4(3-) uptake whereas increase in nitrate uptake upon UV-B + heavy metal exposure. Glutamine synthetase and Alkaline phosphatase activity was reduced after all treatments whereas Nitrate reductase activity showed slight stimulation in UV-B and UV-B + heavy metals treatment. Combination of UV-B and metals seems more detrimental to the NH4(+), PO4(3-) uptake, GS and APA activity. A significant stimulation in NO3(-) uptake and NR activity following exposure to UV-B in all the three cyanobacteria suggests UV-B-induced structural change(s) in the enzyme/carriers. Metals seem to compete for the binding sites of the enzymes and carriers; as noticed for Anabaena and Microcystis showing change in Km while no change in the Km value of Nostoc suggests non-competitive nutrient uptake. Higher accumulation and more adverse effect on Na(+) and K(+) efflux proposes Cd as more toxic compared to Zn.

Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase (APA); Anabaena; Glutamine synthetase (GS); Microcystis; Nitrate reductase (NR); Nostoc.

MeSH terms

  • Alkaline Phosphatase / metabolism
  • Chromium / metabolism
  • Cyanobacteria / drug effects
  • Cyanobacteria / enzymology
  • Cyanobacteria / metabolism*
  • Cyanobacteria / radiation effects
  • Enzyme Assays
  • Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / metabolism
  • Metals, Heavy / pharmacology*
  • Nitrate Reductase / metabolism
  • Nitrates / metabolism
  • Nitrogen / metabolism*
  • Nitrogen Fixation / drug effects
  • Nitrogen Fixation / radiation effects
  • Phosphorus / metabolism*
  • Ultraviolet Rays

Substances

  • Metals, Heavy
  • Nitrates
  • Chromium
  • Phosphorus
  • Nitrate Reductase
  • Alkaline Phosphatase
  • Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase
  • Nitrogen