An overview of thyroid eye disease

Eye Vis (Lond). 2014 Dec 10:1:9. doi: 10.1186/s40662-014-0009-8. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

Thyroid eye disease (also known as Graves' ophthalmopathy) is a complex orbital inflammatory disease, which can be sight threatening, debilitating and disfiguring. This overview discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, presentation, ophthalmic clinical features, investigations and treatment of thyroid eye disease.

Keywords: Euthyroidism; Graves’ disease; Graves’ ophthalmopathy; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Thyroid eye disease.

Publication types

  • Review