Hairy cell leukemia: Uncommon clinical features, unusual sites of involvement and some rare associations

Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2015 Dec;28(4):193-9. doi: 10.1016/j.beha.2015.10.020. Epub 2015 Nov 11.

Abstract

Unusual clinical manifestations and associations with auto-immunity or other systemic disorders are uncommon clinical features of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). The exact prevalence of these rare associations is difficult to determine as they are mostly published as anecdotal case reports and generally not included in larger published series. This chapter deals with uncommon clinical manifestations and rare sites of involvement in HCL. It also summarizes the association with systemic hemato-oncological disorders as well as second malignancies, based on review of the relevant literature and from personal experience.

Keywords: Clinical features; Hairy cell leukemia (HCL); Rare manifestations.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / complications
  • Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / diagnosis*
  • Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / immunology
  • Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / pathology
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome / complications
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome / diagnosis*
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome / immunology
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome / pathology
  • B-Lymphocytes / drug effects
  • B-Lymphocytes / pathology
  • Behcet Syndrome / complications
  • Behcet Syndrome / diagnosis*
  • Behcet Syndrome / immunology
  • Behcet Syndrome / pathology
  • Bone and Bones / immunology
  • Bone and Bones / pathology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Hairy Cell / complications
  • Leukemia, Hairy Cell / diagnosis*
  • Leukemia, Hairy Cell / immunology
  • Leukemia, Hairy Cell / pathology
  • Liver / immunology
  • Liver / pathology
  • Lymph Nodes / immunology
  • Lymph Nodes / pathology
  • Lymphatic Diseases / complications
  • Lymphatic Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Lymphatic Diseases / immunology
  • Lymphatic Diseases / pathology
  • Male
  • Sex Factors
  • Skin / immunology
  • Skin / pathology
  • Splenomegaly / complications
  • Splenomegaly / diagnosis*
  • Splenomegaly / immunology
  • Splenomegaly / pathology
  • Thrombocytopenia / complications
  • Thrombocytopenia / diagnosis*
  • Thrombocytopenia / immunology
  • Thrombocytopenia / pathology

Supplementary concepts

  • Evans Syndrome