How to deal with large colorectal polyps: snare, endoscopic mucosal resection, and endoscopic submucosal dissection; resect or refer?

Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2016 Jan;32(1):26-31. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000228.

Abstract

Purpose of review: The importance of accurate polyp detection and removal is paramount to preventing colon cancer. Resection of large polyps can be challenging to the endoscopist based on their size, shape, or location. Large polyps have the potential of harboring malignancy and a higher risk of complications with resection. Careful assessment of each lesion and meticulous resection using the appropriate tools and techniques is essential.

Recent findings: Over the last 15 years, the development of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) techniques has presented the endoscopist with the opportunity to manage patients with large and flat lesions thereby avoiding the need for surgery. However, these techniques are complex and require extensive knowledge and skill in the use of various devices to resect a lesion completely and manage bleeding and perforation associated with these procedures.

Summary: Large colon polyps manifest as either polypoid or nonpolypoid (flat) lesions. Polypoid lesions, especially those with pedicles, are removed with snare resection, whereas flat lesions may require the use of EMR or ESD. Resection of large polyps (>1 cm) requires additional tools and techniques to ensure safe and complete resection. We will discuss our approach to dealing with large colorectal polyps: snare, EMR, and ESD; resect or refer?

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Colonic Polyps / pathology*
  • Colonoscopy
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / prevention & control*
  • Dissection
  • Early Detection of Cancer / methods*
  • Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal*
  • Humans
  • Intestinal Mucosa / pathology*
  • Proctoscopy
  • Referral and Consultation*