The authors report a case of uro-colonic tumour developing four years after ureterosigmoidostomy in a male patient treated for invasive bladder tumour. After a current follow-up of five years for this colonic tumour, they studied their case in comparison with the data from the literature and the experimental model in order to better understand the natural history of these tumours. The following principal points are discussed: time to onset, histological nature and course of these tumours; essential elements in this type of carcinogenesis, practical clinical implications and follow-up of patients after ureterosigmoidostomy.