Exosome is a kind of biological membrane structure at nanometer level. It is secreted by various cells in the body and widely distributed in most body fluids, such as saliva, blood, and milk. Biological active substances, including mRNAs, microRNAs, cytokines, and transcription factor, have been identified in the exosomes. MiRNAs are short and non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. MiRNAs extensively involves in henogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis. With various biological functions, exosome-derived miRNAs can not only be served as biomarkers to diagnose tumor, neurological diseases and mental disorders, but also possess potential as therapeutic targets.
外泌体是一种纳米级别的生物膜结构，由机体的多种细胞分泌，广泛分布于唾液、血浆、乳汁等体液中。外泌体中有蛋白质、mRNA、microRNA、细胞因子、转录因子受体等多种生物活性物质。microRNA是短链非编码RNA，在转录后水平调节基因的表达，广泛参与个体发育、细胞增殖凋亡等生命活动。外泌体源性microRNA具有生物学特性和靶向特异性，不仅可作为肿瘤、神经退行性病变、重大精神疾病的分子诊断标志物，甚至有潜力成为上述疾病的新治疗靶点。.