In this study, we demonstrated a self-deposition method to deposit Pt nanoparticles (NPs) on graphene woven fabrics (GWF) to improve the performance of graphene-on-silicon solar cells. The deposition of Pt NPs increased the work function of GWF and reduced the sheet resistance of GWF, thereby improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of graphene-on-silicon solar cells. The PCE (>10%) was further enhanced via solid electrolyte coating of the hybrid Schottky junction in the photoelectrochemical solar cells. These results suggest that the combination of self-deposition of Pt NPs and solid-state electrolyte coating of graphene-on-silicon is a promising way to produce high performance graphene-on-semiconductor solar cells.