Disrupted attentional learning in high schizotypy: Evidence of aberrant salience

Br J Psychol. 2016 Nov;107(4):601-624. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12175. Epub 2015 Dec 31.

Abstract

The relationship between learned variations in attention and schizotypy was examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants low on a negative subscale of schizotypy exhibited an explicit bias in overt attention towards stimuli that were established as predictive of a trial outcome, relative to stimuli that were irrelevant. The same participants also showed a bias in learning about these stimuli when they presented in a novel context. Neither of these effects was observed in participants high in schizotypy. In Experiment 2, participants low on the negative subscale of schizotypy exhibited faster reaction times towards a target that was cued by a stimulus that had a history of predictive validity relative to a stimulus that had a history of irrelevance. Again, this effect was not present in participants high in schizotypy. These results imply a disruption in the normal allocation of attention to cues that have predictive significance in schizotypy.

Keywords: attention; eye-tracking; learned-irrelevance; learning; schizophrenia; schizotypy.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Attention*
  • Cues*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Learning*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Reaction Time*
  • Schizotypal Personality Disorder / physiopathology*
  • Young Adult