Suppression of the tert-butylhydroquinone toxicity by its grafting onto chitosan and further cross-linking to agavin toward a novel antioxidant and prebiotic material

Food Chem. 2016 May 15:199:485-91. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.042. Epub 2015 Dec 10.

Abstract

The enzyme-mediated grafting of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) onto chitosan and further crosslinking to agave inulin (agavin) has been successfully achieved in a mild and non-toxic two-step route. The resulting products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Infra-red spectroscopies to assess the molecular structure. The study of acute oral toxicity in mice revealed no adverse short-term effects of consumption in the synthesized materials with non-toxicity evidence until 2000 mg/kg through an oral acute administration. Importantly, this study proves that the compound maintains the radical scavenging capacity of the phenolic antioxidant upon ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays with a measured half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the best case of 1.54 g/L based on inhibition of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS). Additionally, the novel compound presented high prebiotic activities as ascertained in the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB).

Keywords: Agavin; Antioxidant; Chitosan; TBHQ.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Agave / chemistry
  • Animals
  • Antioxidants / chemistry*
  • Chitosan / chemistry*
  • Hydroquinones / chemistry*
  • Inulin / chemistry*
  • Mice
  • Prebiotics / analysis*

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Hydroquinones
  • Prebiotics
  • Inulin
  • Chitosan
  • 2-tert-butylhydroquinone