During June 9-September 30, 2015, five cases of louseborne relapsing fever were identified in Turin, Italy. All 5 cases were in young refugees from Somalia, 2 of whom had lived in Italy since 2011. Our report seems to confirm the possibility of local transmission of louse-borne relapsing fever.
Keywords: Borrelia recurrentis; East Africa; Italy; Relapsing fever; bacteria; lice; refugees; vector-borne infections.