High-Dose Sedation and Analgesia During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Focus on the Adjunctive Use of Ketamine

J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2016;30(1):36-40. doi: 10.3109/15360288.2015.1101637. Epub 2016 Feb 11.

Abstract

Use of ketamine in patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has rarely been reported, and the optimal dosing strategy remains unclear. A patient admitted with hypoxic respiratory failure required ECMO in addition to continuous infusion of low-dose ketamine following titration of opioid and sedative medications to high doses. After initiation of ketamine, infusion rates of opioids and/or sedatives were maintained or decreased. Recorded Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) scores were -4 to -5 and documented pain scores were 0. No adverse effects were reported while receiving low-dose ketamine. This case illustrates that use of low-dose ketamine infusion may be a useful adjunctive agent in patients receiving ECMO and high-dose opioid and sedative medications.

Keywords: Analgesia; H1N1 influenza A; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; hypoxic respiratory failure; influenza; ketamine; sedation.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Analgesics / administration & dosage*
  • Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / methods*
  • Humans
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Hypoxia / therapy
  • Ketamine / administration & dosage*
  • Ketamine / adverse effects
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / therapy*

Substances

  • Analgesics
  • Analgesics, Opioid
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Ketamine