The promoter of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 precursor gene

Prog Clin Biol Res. 1989:317:277-83.

Abstract

The promoter of the gene for the precursor of Alzheimer's Disease A4 amyloid protein (PAD gene) resembles promoters of housekeeping genes. A typical TATA box is missing, and transcription initiates at multiple sites. It shows a high GC content of 72% in a DNA region that confers promoter activity to a reporter gene in vivo. Upstream of the RNA start sites we found sequences homologous to the consensus binding sites of transcription factor AP-1 and the heat shock control element binding protein. Six copies of a 9bp long GC-rich element are located between positions -100 and -200 of the sequence. A protein-DNA interaction could be mapped to this element. The ratio of the dinucleotide CpG, the target for DNA methylation, versus GpC is about 1:1 around the RNA start site, in contrast to the normal ratio of 1:5 in eucaryotic DNA. These findings suggest that four mechanisms may participate in the regulation of the PAD gene: the stress-related heat shock; the AP-1/Fos binding; the GC-rich element, and the possible methylation of the CpG region. PAD gene regulation could be of relevance for the progression of amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's Disease.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Alzheimer Disease / genetics*
  • Alzheimer Disease / pathology
  • Amyloid / genetics*
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides
  • Amyloidosis / genetics
  • Amyloidosis / pathology
  • Brain / pathology
  • Gene Expression Regulation*
  • Humans
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins / genetics*
  • Transcription, Genetic*

Substances

  • Amyloid
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins