Evaluation of the Validity of a Novel CKD Assessment Checklist Used in the Frontier of Renal Outcome Modifications in Japan Study

Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity of a novel chronic kidney disease (CKD) evaluation checklist method used in the Frontier of Renal Outcome Modifications in Japan study.

Methods: Nineteen patients with CKD were recruited, and each patient was assessed by 2 dietitians using the checklist and provided with lifestyle modification instructions based on their assessment. We evaluated the concordance between dietitians, and we assessed the accuracy of the protein and salt intake estimates made by dietitians who only had access to patients' food diaries and verbal reports through comparison with assessments made by an independent dietitian who additionally had access to patients' meal photographs and urine collections.

Results: The most frequently given instructions concerned blood pressure control (46%), followed by body mass index control (28%), and potassium control (9%). The instructions provided to patients corresponded between dietitians at rates of 94% for patients' 1st evaluation and 74% for their 2nd evaluation. The evaluated items showed good agreement between dietitians except for their estimates of salt and protein intakes. The dietitians categorized salt and protein intakes into 3 groups each (<6, 6-12, and >12 g and <0.8, 0.8-1.2, and >1.2 g/kg, respectively). The concordance rates between dietitians were 77.1% and 80.8%, and Cohen's κ coefficients were 0.633 and 0.613 for salt and protein intakes, respectively. The concordance rates between the dietitians' estimates and the independent dietitian's objective assessment were 78.5% and 45.1%, and Cohen's κ coefficients were 0.616 and 0.311 for salt and protein intakes, respectively. The estimates and objective assessments were strongly correlated for salt intake, but weakly correlated for protein intake.

Conclusion: We concluded that the checklist method was appropriate for the evaluation of CKD patients except for protein intake estimation. We hope it will be useful for the instruction of CKD patients widely in the future.