Carboxyl-Terminal SSLKG Motif of the Human Cystinosin-LKG Plays an Important Role in Plasma Membrane Sorting

PLoS One. 2016 May 5;11(5):e0154805. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154805. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Cystinosin mediates an ATP-dependent cystine efflux from lysosomes and causes, if mutated, nephropathic cystinosis, a rare inherited lysosomal storage disease. Alternative splicing of the last exon of the cystinosin sequence produces the cystinosin-LKG isoform that is characterized by a different C-terminal region causing changes in the subcellular distribution of the protein. We have constructed RFP-tagged proteins and demonstrated by site-directed mutagenesis that the carboxyl-terminal SSLKG sequence of cystinosin-LKG is an important sorting motif that is required for efficient targeting the protein to the plasma membrane, where it can mediate H+ coupled cystine transport. Deletion of the SSLKG sequence reduced cystinosin-LKG expression in the plasma membrane and cystine transport by approximately 30%, and induced significant accumulation of the protein in the Golgi apparatus and in lysosomes. Cystinosin-LKG, unlike the canonical isoform, also moves to the lysosomes by the indirect pathway, after endocytic retrieval from the plasma membrane, mainly by a clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Nevertheless, silencing of AP-2 triggers the clathrin-independent endocytosis, showing the complex adaptability of cystinosin-LKG trafficking.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Motifs
  • Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral / chemistry
  • Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral / metabolism*
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Protein Isoforms / chemistry
  • Protein Isoforms / metabolism*

Substances

  • Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral
  • CTNS protein, human
  • Protein Isoforms

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants of Cystinosis Research Network (Lake Forest, IL, USA) and Cystinosis Research Foundation (Irvine, CA, USA). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.