A requisite to achieve a better outcome in patients with high-grade glioma is the development of noninvasive imaging techniques that improve tumor detection, delineation, and grading, before, during, and after therapy. This article reviews the value of a selection of important advanced MR imaging techniques (diffusion-weighted MR imaging, diffusion-tensor imaging, perfusion MR imaging, and MR spectroscopy) and the evolving role of positron emission tomography (PET)/MR imaging in the evaluation of high-grade gliomas in various settings. This review introduces the reader to the basic principles and clinical applications of these advanced MR imaging and PET/MR imaging techniques.
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