Adenosine triphosphate postconditioning is associated with better preserved global and regional cardiac function during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion: a speckle tracking imaging-based echocardiologic study

Cardiovasc Ther. 2016 Oct;34(5):343-51. doi: 10.1111/1755-5922.12205.

Abstract

Introduction: Effects of ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-mediated pharmacologic postconditioning (ATP-PPostC) on cardiac function were evaluated by speckle tracking imaging (STI)-based echocardiography.

Aims: A myocardial I/R model was induced in rabbits by reversible ligation of the left ventricular branch of coronary artery. Rabbits were randomized into three groups: ischemia and reperfusion (IR) (no further intervention), IPostC, and ATP-PPostC groups. Cardiac function was evaluated by conventional and STI-based echocardiography. Myocardial necrosis, apoptosis, and myocardial mRNAs of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax) were evaluated.

Results: Speckle tracking imaging (STI)-based echocardiography revealed that IPostC and ATP-PPostC were associated with better preserved global and regional cardiac function, as indicated by significantly increased GLSrsys, GLSrd, GLSsys, SrLsys, SrLd, and SLsys in both groups (all P<.5). Subsequent pathologic studies indicate that the percentage of necrotic myocardium and permillage of apoptotic cells were significantly lower in the IPostC and ATP-PPostC groups than in the IR group (all P<.05). Moreover, both IPostC and ATP-PPostC were associated with increased Bcl-2 mRNA levels and reduced Bax mRNA levels.

Conclusions: IPostC and ATP-PPostC may exert cardioprotective functions by better preservation of cardiac function during the I/R process and at least partly via attenuation of myocardial apoptosis.

Keywords: Adenosine triphosphate; Cardiac function; Ischemia and reperfusion injury; Postconditioning; Speckle tracking imaging.

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Triphosphate / administration & dosage*
  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Biopsy
  • Cardiotonic Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Drug Administration Schedule
  • Echocardiography*
  • Female
  • Male
  • Myocardial Infarction / diagnostic imaging
  • Myocardial Infarction / metabolism
  • Myocardial Infarction / physiopathology
  • Myocardial Infarction / prevention & control*
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / diagnostic imaging
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / metabolism
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / physiopathology
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / prevention & control*
  • Myocardium / metabolism
  • Myocardium / pathology
  • Necrosis
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • Rabbits
  • Stroke Volume / drug effects*
  • Time Factors
  • Ventricular Function, Left / drug effects*
  • bcl-2-Associated X Protein / genetics
  • bcl-2-Associated X Protein / metabolism

Substances

  • Cardiotonic Agents
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
  • RNA, Messenger
  • bcl-2-Associated X Protein
  • Adenosine Triphosphate