The Authors review the epidemiological data about increasing prevalence of claudication intermittents between women, mainly describing the hypoplastic aorto-iliac syndrome. Sixteen patients were studied and operated on. They presented high incidence of cigarette smoking (87%) and hypertension (72%), and 5 patients (32%) were premenopausal. The incidence of abortion was higher in hypoplastic women (12.5%) than in atherosclerotic women (0.3%). After the surgical treatment there were no complications or hospital mortality, and the patency was 100% at a mean follow-up of 5 years (min. 1-max. 7).