In brief: A properly designed and implemented exercise program for the elderly can have many physical and emotional benefits. Most important, these benefits can allow older persons to maintain an independent, active life-style. However, the program or activity plan must be carefully followed to avoid exercise-related difficulties to which the elderly are prone. Before such a program is begun, the patient should undergo a careful evaluation to show any condition-especially cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, or neurologic-that would preclude exercise or require treatment beforehand. Certain laboratory tests and resting and exercise ECGs should also be performed.