Endovascular Therapy for Large Vessel Stroke in the Elderly: Hope in the New Stroke Era

Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016;42(5-6):421-427. doi: 10.1159/000446852. Epub 2016 Jul 26.

Abstract

Background and purpose: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the elderly encompasses approximately one-third of all AIS cases. Outcome data have been for the most part discouraging in this population. We aim to evaluate the outcomes in a large contemporary series of elderly patients treated with thrombectomy.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a single-center endovascular database for consecutive elderly (≥80 years) patients treated for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion AIS between September 2010 and April 2015. Univariate- and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the predictors of good clinical outcome (90-day modified Ranking Scale [mRS] ≤2). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to calculate the optimal final infarct volume (FIV) threshold to predict good outcomes.

Results: A total of 111 patients met our inclusion criteria (mean age 84.8 ± 4.2 years; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score 19.1 ± 5.6; time from last-known normal to puncture, 349.6 ± 246.6 min; 33% male; 68% Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score [ASPECTS] ≥8). The rates of successful reperfusion (modified treatment in cerebral ischemia ≥2b), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90-day mortality were 80%, 7% and 41%, respectively. The overall rate of good outcome was 29% (n = 32/111) but was 52% (n = 13/25) in patients with baseline mRS score of 0-2 who were selected based on CT perfusion and treated with stent retrievers. On multivariate analysis, only ASPECTS (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.28-3.67.7; p = 0.004) and baseline NIHSS score (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77-0.97; p = 0.013) were independently associated with good outcome. A FIV ≤16 ml demonstrated the greatest accuracy for identifying good outcomes (sensitivity 75.0%, specificity 82.6%).

Conclusions: Our results are encouraging demonstrating nearly one-third of elderly patients achieving full independence at 90 days. Contemporary treatment paradigms employing optimized patient selection and modern thrombectomy technology may result in even better outcomes.

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Aging
  • Brain Infarction / diagnosis
  • Brain Infarction / therapy*
  • Chi-Square Distribution
  • Databases, Factual
  • Disability Evaluation
  • Endovascular Procedures*
  • Female
  • Georgia
  • Health Services for the Aged*
  • Humans
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Odds Ratio
  • Perfusion Imaging / methods
  • Recovery of Function
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Time Factors
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Treatment Outcome