Enrichment of Pyrrolic Nitrogen by Hole Defects in Nitrogen and Sulfur Co-Doped Graphene Hydrogel for Flexible Supercapacitors

ChemSusChem. 2016 Aug 23;9(16):2261-8. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201600668. Epub 2016 Jul 27.

Abstract

The effect of the doping configuration and concentration of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) on the electrochemical performance of 3 D N and S co-doped hole defect graphene hydrogel (NS-HGH) electrodes is investigated. Surprisingly, by introducing a hole defect on the graphene surface, the difference in the doping concentrations of N and S can be used to effectively modulate the electrochemical behavior of the NS-HGH. The hole defects provide a rapid ion diffusion path. Finally, we showed that the intriguing specific capacitance (536 F g(-1) ) of the NS-HGH could enhance the overall performance of the pseudocapacitance and electric double layer capacitance. The rational design of the NS-HGH-based flexible solid state supercapacitor results in not only outstanding electrochemical performance with a maximum energy density of 14.8 Wh kg(-1) and power density of 5.2 KW kg(-1) but also in extraordinary mechanical flexibility and excellent cycle stability.

Keywords: doping; graphene; hole defect; hydrogels; supercapacitors.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cobalt / chemistry*
  • Electric Capacitance*
  • Electrochemistry
  • Electrodes
  • Graphite / chemistry*
  • Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / chemistry*
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Nitrogen / chemistry*
  • Pyrroles / chemistry*
  • Sulfur / chemistry*

Substances

  • Pyrroles
  • Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
  • Cobalt
  • Sulfur
  • Graphite
  • Nitrogen