Most of the human tumors contain a population of cells with stem cell properties, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are believed to be responsible for tumor establishment, metastasis, and resistance to clinical therapy. It's crucial to understand the regulatory mechanisms unique to CSCs, in order to design CSC-specific therapeutics. Recent discoveries of microRNA (miRNA) have provided a new avenue for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of cancer. The present review article will discuss important milestones associated with mircroRNA regulation during prostate carcinogenesis.