Dosage Adjustments Related to Young or Old Age and Organ Impairment

J Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Dec;56(12):1461-1473. doi: 10.1002/jcph.816. Epub 2016 Sep 22.

Abstract

Differences in physiology related to young or old age and/or organ system impairment alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of many medications and consequently their effectiveness and toxicity. This module discusses common alterations in medication use and dosage that are required in the pediatric age group, in the elderly, and in patients with renal or hepatic disease.

Keywords: drug interactions; entrustable professional activities (EPA) in clinical pharmacology; medical education; medical misadventures; prescribing practices.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Dosage Forms / standards
  • Drug Dosage Calculations*
  • Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / metabolism
  • Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / prevention & control
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Kidney / drug effects*
  • Kidney / metabolism
  • Liver / drug effects*
  • Liver / metabolism
  • Pediatrics / methods
  • Pharmaceutical Preparations / administration & dosage*
  • Pharmaceutical Preparations / metabolism

Substances

  • Dosage Forms
  • Pharmaceutical Preparations