Variation in the Gender Gap in Inactive and Active Life Expectancy by the Definition of Inactivity Among Older Adults

J Aging Health. 2016 Oct;28(7):1279-98. doi: 10.1177/0898264316656512.

Abstract

Objective: To assess variation in gender gap (female-male) in inactive life expectancy (IALE) and active life expectancy (ALE) by definition of inactivity.

Method: Inactivity, among older Singaporeans, was defined as follows: Scenario 1-health-related difficulty in activities of daily living (ADLs); Scenario 2-health-related difficulty in ADLs/instrumental ADLs (IADLs); Scenario 3-health-related difficulty in ADLs/IADLs or non-health-related non-performance of IADLs. Multistate life tables computed IALE and ALE at age 60, testing three hypotheses: In all scenarios, life expectancy, absolute and relative IALE, and absolute ALE are higher for females (Hypothesis 1 [H1]); gender gap in absolute and relative IALE expands, and in absolute ALE, it contracts in Scenario 2 versus 1 (Hypothesis 2 [H2]); gender gap in absolute and relative IALE decreases, and in absolute ALE, it increases in Scenario 3 versus 2 (Hypothesis 3 [H3]).

Results: H1 was supported in Scenarios 1 and 3 but not Scenario 2. Both H2 and H3 were supported.

Discussion: Definition of inactivity influences gender gap in IALE and ALE.

Keywords: Singapore; activities of daily living; gender; health expectancy; life expectancy.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Activities of Daily Living*
  • Aged
  • Female
  • Health Surveys
  • Humans
  • Life Expectancy / trends*
  • Life Tables
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Sedentary Behavior*
  • Sex Distribution*
  • Singapore / epidemiology