Neonatal tetanus associated with skin infection

S Afr Med J. 2016 Aug 3;106(9):888-90. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i9.11139.

Abstract

A 1-week-old infant was brought to a regional hospital with a history of recurrent seizures following lower abdominal septic skin infection. She was found to have neonatal tetanus, and a spatula test was positive. The tetanus infection was associated with a superficial skin infection, common in neonates. Treatment included sedatives (diazepam, chlorpromazine, phenobarbitone and morphine), muscle relaxants, antibiotics and ventilation in the neonatal intensive care unit. Intrathecal and intramuscular immunoglobulin were given, and the wound was treated. The infant recovered, with no seizures by the 16th day from admission, and was off the ventilator by the 18th day. This was shorter than the usual 3 - 4 weeks for neonates with tetanus at the hospital. The question arises whether tetanus immunisation should be considered in infants with skin infections, which frequently occur in the neonatal period.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Abdominal Wall
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Anticonvulsants / administration & dosage*
  • Debridement / methods
  • Delayed Diagnosis* / adverse effects
  • Delayed Diagnosis* / prevention & control
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / administration & dosage*
  • Immunologic Factors / administration & dosage
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Necrosis
  • Skin / pathology*
  • Skin Diseases, Infectious / complications*
  • Skin Diseases, Infectious / diagnosis
  • Skin Diseases, Infectious / physiopathology
  • Skin Diseases, Infectious / therapy
  • Tetanus Antitoxin / administration & dosage*
  • Tetanus* / diagnosis
  • Tetanus* / etiology
  • Tetanus* / physiopathology
  • Tetanus* / therapy
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Anticonvulsants
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Immunologic Factors
  • Tetanus Antitoxin