Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a well-established minimally invasive treatment option for removal of kidney stones. This technique has now replaced open stone surgery for virtually all indications. This article describes the indications, the surgical technique and the complication management of PCNL.
Keywords: Minimally invasive therapy; Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Percutaneous nephrolitolapaxy; Surgical technique; Urolithiasis.