Associations between free sugars and nutrient intakes among children and adolescents in the UK

Br J Nutr. 2016 Oct;116(7):1265-1274. doi: 10.1017/S0007114516003184. Epub 2016 Sep 19.

Abstract

This study explored associations between free sugars intake (using non-milk extrinsic sugars as proxy) and nutrient intakes among children aged 1·5-18 years in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008-2012. Dietary records were completed by 2073 children (95 % completed 4 d). Mean free sugars intakes (% energy) were 11·8, 14·7 and 15·4 % in the 1·5-3, 4-10 and 11-18 years age groups, respectively. Nutrient intakes and nutrient density were compared across quintiles (Q1-Q5) of free sugars intake (% energy) within each age group. Energy intake rose from Q1 to Q5 of free sugars, whereas percentages of energy intake from fat, SFA and protein dropped. Associations with micronutrients (mg/d or mcg/d) were mostly non-significant, but among 11-18-year-olds there were significant negative associations with Zn, Se, Fe, Cu, and vitamin A and D. There were stronger negative associations with micronutrient density (mg/mcg per 4·18 MJ) for most nutrients in all age groups. Associations with vitamin C were positive. Results were similar after excluding misreporters. Children aged 4-18 years who consumed average amounts of free sugars or above (>13 % energy or Q3-Q5) had lower diet quality than those consuming <10 % free sugars (Q1), but there were insufficient data to assess diets with 5 % free sugars. High consumers obtained a higher proportion of free sugars from soft drinks, fruit juice and sugar confectionery and less from breakfast cereals. Ultimately, nutrient intakes depend on the total dietary pattern; however, reducing overconsumption of sugary foods and drinks with low nutrient density may help improve diet quality.

Keywords: EAR estimated average requirement; EI energy intake; NDNS National Diet and Nutrition Survey; NMES non-milk extrinsic sugars; Diets; Micronutrient intakes; Recommendations; Sugars.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Beverages
  • Candy
  • Carbonated Beverages
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Diet Surveys
  • Diet*
  • Dietary Fats / administration & dosage
  • Dietary Proteins / administration & dosage
  • Dietary Sucrose / administration & dosage*
  • Energy Intake
  • Fruit
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Micronutrients / administration & dosage
  • Nutrition Surveys
  • Nutritive Value
  • United Kingdom
  • Vitamins / administration & dosage

Substances

  • Dietary Fats
  • Dietary Proteins
  • Dietary Sucrose
  • Micronutrients
  • Vitamins